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The history of the utilization of theatre and dramatic role play for therapeutic ends is unusual in France. As far as psychodrama is concerned, the Morenian heritage, without being disowned, has receded in comparison with the interest that psychoanalysis has showed for this technique. At the same time, the school of therapeutic mediations has now become part of this field, developing practices that require complementary theories, in particular those of Winnicott. This article retraces this double theoretical/clinical history and develops some of its most important concepts. Two forms of drama therapy that draw their inspiration from it are then presented: one could be described as “psychodramatic drama therapy” and the other as “psychoanalytic drama therapy”. The text concludes with the contribution of the psychoanalytic dimension for drama therapy and with the question of evaluation.