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The concept of group of belonging has a central place in J.C. Rouchy’s thinking and his psychoanalytic theory of groups. The article describes the main dimensions of this concept and shows how it is both similar and different from the concepts of “area of belonging” (C. Néri) and “sense of belonging” (A. Correale).The analysis of this concept offers a good example of the work of conceptual creation and the epistemological problems that it raises when this creation takes the form of a migration of a concept created in one discipline (here sociology and social psychology) and transferred to another, in this case psychoanalysis.The author’s attention is focused on the fact that, in sociological and psychosociological theories of groups, the concept of group belonging is coupled with that of the reference group. However, the latter has not undergone a process of “naturalization” (S. Moscovici) similar to that which transformed the concept of group belonging. And yet several characteristics of this second concept, linked to the first, could present a certain interest if they were elaborated in the field of group psychoanalysis.