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Transportation is the activity that has experienced the most dramatic increase in energy consumption and CO2 emissions during the last ten years, and this trend is likely to continue in a “business as usual” context over the next thirty years. This is one of the main outcomes of a recent study by the Federal Planning Bureau entitled “Belgian Energy Outlook to 2030” and describing and analyzing long-term energy scenarios. Given this reference trend, an alternative scenario was evaluated that simulates the impact of a modal shift to the detriment of road transportation and of higher load factors for vehicles, from the viewpoint of both energy consumption and environmental implications. The main results of this evaluation with a 2030 horizon are presented in this paper.