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Microfinance is widely recognized today as a powerful development tool that contributes to the fight against poverty. However, its social performance is much debated. The objective of this article is to identify and analyze the factors that affect the social performance of decentralized financial systems (DFS) in Burkina Faso, measured by the number of outstanding loans to women. An analysis of panel data from 46 DFSs allowed us to highlight the effect of a few variables on women’s access to credit in Burkina Faso. The results obtained indicate that the number of loans offered to women increases with favorable geographical location, a higher number of outlets, affiliation with a network, and larger total deposits. On the other hand, this performance decreases when interest rates are higher. The estimation results also show that prudential ratios, risk coverage, and DFS concentration do not affect women’s access to credit.