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Vaccines remain the ultimate weapon with which it was promised we would overcome the COVID-19 pandemic (Guerriaud 2021). But as of February 2022, more than a year after their launch, only three African countries have fully vaccinated 2% of their populations. With a view to increasing vaccination adherence, this research examines the determinants of vaccination adoption as well as their interaction with sociodemographic variables. It uses a mixed methodology: 36 directive interviews and a survey of a convenience sample of 379 individuals. The results show that the low vaccination rate is linked to certain specific determinants such as trust and religious belief. These results also show that the causes of rejection are not identical for all sociodemographic segments.