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The epistemological and ontological questioning about the form and nature of reality, which pits realists against constructivists, now appears aporetic. On the one hand, it is radically decried. On the other, it seems to have no end, remaining a major point of reference. To get out of this dilemma, we propose to integrate the critique of realism into the critique of ideologies and to renew the epistemological questioning that organises management sciences. To this end, the specificities of management have been considered in order to arrive at three epistemological models, known as “explicitative”, evaluative and theoretical. They seem to constitute the main orientations, at this stage non-exhaustive, between which a choice should be made in any management research.