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Does the new development in the conditions for applying the non bis in idem principle in the case of ideal combination of qualifications not demonstrate its inability to resolve this particular type of combination? Contrary to popular belief, it is case law that has deduced the solution of ideal combination of qualifications from the application of non bis in idem. Paradoxically, however, this application had the effect of allowing the accumulation of offenses to take hold, at a time when most legal scholars were opposed to it. In addition to proving counter-productive, the application of the principle in this area is also erroneous, in that it is based on a distortion of its scope of application. However, this does not mean that the uniqueness of the qualification should be abandoned. On the contrary: a principle of uniqueness of qualification can indeed be identified. But it has its own autonomy.