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Justus Lipsius (1547-1606), editor of the complete works of Seneca, wrote his treatise Physiologia Stoicorum (Antwerp, 1604) with the intention of deepening his understanding of the Roman philosopher. In order to harmonise Stoic teachings with Christianity, he plays down their materialism. And in keeping with this concern, his attitude towards the theory of the World-Soul is influenced by the Renaissance belief in a prisca theologia. The present article examines Lipsius’ interpretation of the World-Soul in that historical and intellectual context. In particular, it analyses his intention, and the method and strategy he adopts, when dealing with his sources.