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Considering competencies in the professional situation of medical practitioners announcing the diagnosis of a rare disease, implying the mobilization of the professional’s knowledge, this article proposes to identify the nature of the knowledge thus mobilized. A field survey was conducted using semi-directive interviews with 30 physicians being questioned. In the professional group’s narratives of their experiences, the experiential and informal nature of knowledge dominates along with scientific and procedural knowledge. This result reveals resistance to a formalization of the announcement and raises issues in terms of training. This article contributes to enriching the work of education sciences in the field of healthcare which is in full expansion.