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This article addresses the issue of professionalization of doctoral students in educational sciences, based on a study carried out on the future prospects of Ph.D graduates from a French laboratory in the Grand Est area. Based on an inductive approach, the study has two parts. A questionnaire-based survey was first carried out in order both to collect data on the general characteristics of the surveyed population (N = 55) and to identify the professional and research career paths of Doctors. It was followed by a series of 19 semi-structured interviews that sought information on the doctoral training experience with a focus on professionalization. The results show that the professional profiles of PhD graduates have remained stable since the 2007 survey of the Association of Teachers and Researchers in Educational Sciences (Leclercq, 2008) and suggest several avenues for reflection on the favourable conditions for the professionalization of doctoral students.