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The notion of adjustment emerged in education sciences a few years ago in the field of analysis of teaching activity. Beyond that, it seems that adjustment activities are the expression of professional skills that concern many professions of human interaction, particularly in the field of human relations, whether in training, social work, care or health professions. This article develops the conceptualization of the notion of adjustment from a broad genealogy that allowed to characterize the main conceptual invariants of these activities. These defining elements structure a theoretical framework, supplemented by modeling, which offers perspectives for the analysis of adjustment activities in different professional situations.