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Humanitarian work was born in the mid-19th century. Since the 1980s, it has been concerned with nutrition issues, particularly malnourished children. Various NGO and ICRC bodies have amassed vast conceptual and technical knowledge and malnutrition has become a major area of action. However, in a world where nearly one billion people suffer from malnourishment, several questions are raised, as shown by the diverging views on the situation in Nigeria in 2005 and the withdrawal of Doctors Without Borders from this country between 2008 and 2010.