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The following text is a lecture given by Ernst Cassirer in 1945 at the Linguistic Circle of New York. It was published for the first time, posthumously, in the inaugural issue of the journal Word, under the title “Structuralism in modern linguistics” ( Word, 1(2), 1945, 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1945.11659249). This translation is followed by a bibliography of all the references cited by Cassirer. Where available, we also refer to the French translation of the texts cited.