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The groupements hospitaliers de territoire (GHT) were established in 2016 and 2017. Their objectives are mainly the joint and scaled care of patients “with the aim of ensuring equal access to safe and quality care” and the economic rationalization of their operation. Just before the health crisis, in which some of them seem to have played a positive role, they appeared to be “at a crossroads,” with very uneven deployment due to endogenous obstacles (formations of varying degrees of suitability, weakness of the support establishment) and exogenous obstacles (a not very dynamic health care supply, tension over medical posts, competition with the private sector). Although the foundations of the GHTs have been successfully laid (governance established; shared medical projects drawn up in a participatory manner, with some convincing examples of organized sectors; and frameworks for sharing resources correctly established, for example in the field of purchasing), the complexities of the cooperation to be implemented temper a balance sheet that is still uncertain and varies according to local situations (cumbersome governance, with certain bodies that are not very active; medical and health projects that are not very open to the medical-social sector and the community; modest progression ambitions, generally without any planned changes in what the hospital offers; and a limited pooling of resources, particularly doctors’ resources. As a result of the July 24, 2019 law and the Ségur de la santé initiative, GHTs now have new institutional and financial means of action. Their proper use involves, in accordance with their objectives, strengthening the local offer, before combining it with a consolidated integration dynamic.