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Our healthcare system is faced with demographic, epidemiological, professional, and organizational challenges that have been known about for a long time. The government’s strategy, called “Ma santé 2022,” aims to address a number of these challenges. In particular, it focuses on measures to continue and strengthen the structuring of local care, including primary care. After outlining these measures and demonstrating the changes they are contributing to, we question the effects that can be seen after four years. While there have been some positive developments, such as the gradual development of coordinated multi-professional practice and public health activities in the territories, there are still many challenges to be met in order to structure and consolidate a first line of care and to enable it to contribute to reducing social and territorial health inequalities.