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The professional independence of doctors is the cornerstone of patient trust, and is guaranteed by medical regulatory bodies. However, against the backdrop of rapid developments in medical practices and interprofessional collaboration, this independence is increasingly under threat. As a result, these bodies must be particularly vigilant in ensuring that doctors are able to maintain their professional independence. In this article, two situations in particular will be examined in relation to professional independence: links and conflicts of interest, and collusion. Situations of links and conflicts of interest can influence medical decisions. Particular vigilance is recommended in the fields of information, insurance, regulation, and medical expertise. Collusion between healthcare professionals is still a risk, and one that has led to the introduction of a framework for interprofessional cooperation. Contracts signed by doctors are an essential tool in this field, and they must specify the means implemented, particularly within professional cooperative ventures, to ensure that professional independence can be exercised for the benefit of the patient.