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The goal of this paper is to present a conceptual framework to analyze the stakes raised by patrimonialization with regards to economic development and, consequently, to manage imbalances caused by this process at the national and international levels. While a patrimonial strategy should prioritize human well-being, its impact on economic development and economic well-being is far-reaching and should be carefully analyzed. The OECD developed a conceptual framework integrating the notion of capital to assess the complementary relation between social, cultural, human, material, and natural determinants and political, institutional, and legal arrangements affecting both economic growth and economic and human well-being. This framework guides the process of policy making and is particularly appropriate for the implementation of a patrimonial strategy.