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Humans have not understood their relationship with their environment in a consistent manner. This relationship largely depends on our conception of space and time. Indeed, the way in which we represent space and time influences how we think about what is real. This determines our comprehension of nature, how we use it, and how we live within society. Our ability to establish a “legitimate” use of technology and our aspiration to produce it are not a constant anthropological property. An analysis of our representations of space and time is fundamental if we are to establish an anthropology of technology and the environment based on the knowledge of relationships between our societies, technology and nature. We do not claim to have established the specific mechanisms linking concepts of nature to the concepts of technology; rather, we seek to show the non-independence between the two and to propose a classification of perceptions of what is real as well as of affinities regarding technological development.