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In considering the work of certain posthumanist philosophers, this article focuses on anthropological and ethical difficulties around the creation of a posthumanist society, drawing from a criticism of the “mechanization of the human,” which has marked the amplification of humankind since the beginning of the modern era. The context of justification and signification of this new and highly controversial biotechnological, bio-catastrophic and scientific and technical perspective leads us to an anthropological and philosophical evaluation of the emergence of the “enhanced man,” which may now be labeled “the posthuman”. This modern figure has been described and analyzed by philosophy and by the anthropology of technoscience. The anthropological and philosophical issue with an evaluative criticism of “ethical deficiencies” concerns the question whether the futurology envisaged without humanity and “humanitude” demolishes both old and new sociabilities. From this principal question comes an updating of the imperfections and deficiencies of the technological systems that are dehumanizing society.