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For the past fifteen years, numerous social mobilizations in France have been working to denounce the effects of pesticides on human health. These groups include agricultural worker organizations, local resident groups, and environmental associations. Based on a qualitative investigation, this article analyses the relationships between these actors and the social conditions that influence those relations. Through two case studies, one in an apple production area and one in a wine production area, we show that that the denunciation of pesticides is based on the existence of “blue-green coalitions” whose existence is fragile, and for which the question of the responsibilities of farm owners towards their farmworkers’ health and safety constitutes a point of contention. More generally, we point out that the issue of working conditions for agriculture employees tends to be marginalized in anti-pesticide mobilizations.