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The purpose of this study is to evaluate and determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors (malaria and intestinal helminthiasis) in some high-risk groups, especially in pregnant and breast-feeding women and in children aged 1–2 years old from within a deprived semi-urban population of Lubumbashi (DRC) (Bongonga and Sendwe). Results were compared to those obtained from an urban population with a more favorable socioeconomic situation (university clinics). The overall frequency of anemia in the subjects studied from the three centers varies from 50% to 80%. The proportion of anemic cases is clearly higher in the Bongonga and Sendwe populations (70%–80%) than in the urban group (50%) (p<.05). Among all of the participants examined, pregnant women are found to be the group with the highest proportion of anemic patients (p<.05). All things considered, anemia is associated with malaria in 40% of cases and with intestinal parasitism (ascaris and/or ankylostome infestation) in 9%. Faced with this situation, the strategy consisting of fighting against anemia and associated parasitosis requires multi-disciplinary actions centered on health education, collective screening, and specific anti-parasite treatment.