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Public healthcare nurses in Quebec play an essential role even if little is known about their contribution. Generally trained at the undergraduate level and with additional qualifications in community healthcare, they work mostly in maternal and child health programs, youth clinics, or occupational health in local community healthcare centers. In regional public health departments, they also work in the field of infectious disease prevention or other programs. Like their colleagues, they face the profession’s challenges, the most notable of which is the current and future shortage of nurses. However, they can now count on a new, up-to-date definition of their field of practice. As nurses further develop their practices and orient them increasingly toward primary prevention and health promotion, they will significantly contribute to the National Public Health Program and to the improvement of the population's health and well-being.