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This study focuses on the evaluation of conditions for implementation of therapeutic education (TE) programmes for patients living with HIV in seven health care structures located in four low and middle income countries (Morocco, Senegal, Congo and Cambodia). The objectives were the following: to identify how TE was integrated in health care practice within the various contexts, to assess the quality of educational process and to identify the contributing factors which favour the sustainability of TE programmes. The evaluation methodology is based on quality criteria and indicators for TE programmes. The evaluation demonstrates that TE is truly integrated in each structure that was assessed; however, levels of integration vary according to the contextual elements of care, the health care providers, and the level of institutional recognition and awareness regarding TE. At the time of the study, the sustainability of the TE programmes was enabled and ensured by the coordinators’ support of the programme, management of the trained team of educators and by the progressive integration of TE within the national policies and regional health plans.