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The establishment of socialist realism in Romania after World War II has led not only to the restructuring of the Romanian literary space, but also to the relative loss of its autonomy, because of its subordination to political guidelines. The promotion, assimilation and functioning of socialist realism were asserted during about twenty years, thanks to the creation of new literary institutions, subordinated to the Communist party. To recount the establishment of socialist realism in Romania is of course to study the cultural and political transformations which allowed the setting of the imported model, to observe the institutional paths of its spreading and its achievements in the Romanian context.