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France's 2011 Finance Act mandated that the Aide Médicale d’État (AME) system (similar to the US's Medicaid) must no longer cover expenses related to assisted reproductive technology (ART). AME is a specific health protection system that is only available to illegal immigrants in France. This removal of access to ART illustrates the various shifts that have taken place in national solidarity principles, which govern migration policies and public health policies. This legislative decision reflects some of the changes in how foreigners are received in France, and in views on infertility. This study draws on two empirical pieces of research that involved observations and interviews with experts and professionals. It shows how this legislative discrimination has been adopted by health professionals and examines the issue of inequalities in access to reproductive health care.