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Introduction: In Côte d’Ivoire, national modern contraceptive prevalence remains low, at 21% in 2017. Purpose of research: The objective of this study was to identify socio-cultural obstacles related to the use of modern contraception among women of reproductive age. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and qualitative study in Dallas, in the Adjamé commune, located in the center of Abidjan. The survey took place from 9th June to 7th July 2018. In addition, we conducted four focus groups with men over 20 years old, women of reproductive age between 15 and 49 years old, and two religious leaders recruited according to a reasoned sampling. Group discussion guides and individual interview guides were used as data collection tools. Moreover, we analyzed data after recording and transcribing, following a thematic content analysis. Results: We interviewed thirty participants including 14 men, 14 women, and two religious leaders. The main obstacles described were the lack of reliable and adequate information, misconceptions about contraception, fear of side effects, illiteracy, male decision-making power, religious prohibitions, and the socio-cultural contradictions. To circumvent these obstacles, women secretly used contraceptives, thereby exposing themselves to social risks. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the persistence of socio-cultural practices. For that reason, taking into account people’s perceptions is necessary to improve the use of modern contraception at the community level.