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This article proposes a reflection on the policies of tobacco consumption regulation in the ECOWAS countries. The argument is built from a cost-benefit economic approach. It shows that, even if fiscal and pricing policies are necessary to reduce the demand for tobacco, they must make it possible to strengthen information and awareness policies for a comprehensive approach to the fight against smoking and passive smoking.New forms of regulation should be established, which are part of a logic of promotion and health education for dependent, and/or poor people because the latter have difficulty changing their behavior following an increase in drug prices.