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After introducing Dewey’s concept of valuation, the author offers a critical reflection on the question of values in education. The text is divided into four parts. The first part presents the conception advocated by Dewey and outlines the broad perspectives that he rejects (emotivism and classical realism). The second part describes the process of valuation, staying closer to the thinking of Dewey to reconstitute its thrust and arguments. The third part, entitled “Return to Hume’s law”, aims to demonstrate in another way the originality of Dewey’s thought showing notably his opposition to his contemporaries. The fourth and final part is more forward-looking, where the author tries to draw some lessons on how to understand educational reality after Dewey.