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This work is based on the idea that human bonds have biological sources. They are based on the “motivational systems” selected by evolution, necessary to the species’ survival and developed in each of us through ontogeny. Today empathy, intersubjectivity, and attachment can be described as “motivational systems.” Their study allows to identify the elements for a relational neurobiology and a theorization about regulation and mentalization of the emotions in the family. This allows us to draw some principles for an “emotional systemic family therapy,” which tries to consider everyone’s inner world together with interpersonal relations. It is possible to build therapeutic interventions by using data deriving from attachment theory.