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This contribution shows the work led by Chinese medicine professional organizations in order to reconfigure the medical field’s balances of power within internal frontiers (through M.D. acupuncture practitioners), and along external ones (through therapists in Chinese medicine who do not hold an official medical degree). Positions of different competing actors within Chinese medical practice are analyzed through three processes. First, the creation of a M.D. acupuncture practitioners’ jurisdiction, who claim the ownership of specific skills and impose “strong barriers to entry”. Second, the position of practitioners from professional organizations who contest the medical power and whose aim is to professionalize and institutionalize an autonomous “new health profession”. Finally, a more intermediate position which reproduces existing professional structures, integrating newcomers without changing the rules of the game.