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In 1947 in Vienna, the trial began against Guido Schmidt, the former Asutrian minister of Foreign Affairs during the Anschluss (1938). This trial, led by the People’s Court of Vienna during Austria’s process of denazification, marked a moment of internal confrontation with the pro-Germany policy that had been adopted by Schuschnigg’s government since 1936. Paradoxically, the trial ultimately came to depict Austria as a country victimized by Hitler. This article engages in a comparative history of this trial as analysed by the French representative in Vienna, at a time when France was the occupying power in Austria and was itself subject to a legal purge after the fall of the Vichy government and to questions about its own diplomatic responsibilities in dealing with Hitler in the 1930s.