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Responding to Ernesto Galli della Loggia, this paper develops the divergences regarding several moments of Italian history since 1943 concerning the legitimacy of the Republic and the functioning of antifascist references. They can be considered more sectoral in the 1950s than what was stated. They were often aberrant but marginal in the 1970s and in particular not much used by the Italian communist party in the political debate and then practically fell out of use in the 1980s. In any case, since 1992, after the major recomposition of the Italian political landscape and the left/right bipolarization, they were carried on by other divisions in which the heirs of fascism, then converted to democracy, were far from being the left’s favorite targets. It remains that the subject is wide open and could not exhaust the two texts too short not to seem peremptory.