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This paper is a contribution to the systematic understanding of Schmittian thinking on the notions of historicity and modernity that have weighed heavily on German historians born between the world wars. Schmitt’s political theory using the friend-enemy pair is based on a particular conception of history and the modern era. Schmitt describes modernity whose meaning would determine the clarity and intensity of history itself, as a declining period, ending in the advent of neutralizations and depolitizations carried along by liberalism. To resist this "acceleration" of time spiritually, there is no other alternative but to draw from the source of a mythical and theological conceptuality, the only one that can maintain history in movement.