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The sociohistorical approach to the emergence of social work makes it possible to situate these interventions, as well as the foundations of democracy in France, at the time of the establishment of the Third Republic and the welfare state. This approach also allows us to grasp the indissociable link between the history of solidarity and the history of social work. This understanding is coupled with the identification of the place of gender in this history, according to the system that the women of the initial period—the founders—had to deal with and which is being renewed. The analysis thus produced critically reviews the political and professional framework of this public action and invites a collective recomposition of these interventions, in order to make political citizenship for all the foundation of their conception in an equal relationship.