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A cross-disciplinary subject, the legal protection of adults affects solidarity and autonomy in the daily life of vulnerable people. It encompasses major social issues. The French national system, which is very much rooted in civil law, has been incorporated in the social and medico-social field for over a decade. In fact, the professional practices of family mediation services ( Mandataires judiciaires à la protection des majeurs—MJPMs) have also borrowed from social work. Civil justice requiring the intervention of a judge—the guarantor of fundamental rights and freedoms—is gradually taking a back seat. The duty of care is still poorly understood, even by the social body as a whole. Preconceived ideas continue to feed the collective imagination and ignore the evolution of the rights of protected persons. It is therefore necessary to raise awareness of this cross-disciplinary subject, which touches on both the private and the political. For the past ten years, many initiatives have been working toward this goal. Therefore, our ambition should be to improve our national system, with a view to making the rights of individuals more effective. International perspectives should not become injunctions, but remind us that it is becoming critical to optimize how positive legislation is implemented.