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This article aims to describe with high accuracy the actions and the words of Socialist deputy and publicist Gustave Rouanet (1855-1927) during the “anti-Semitic moment” that shook France between 1897 and 1899. In comparison to his friend, Jean Jaurès, Rouanet was a political actor maltreated by the development of the second “Affaire Dreyfus”, and by the legislative campaign of 1898 which became for him a hard battlefield. Yet, the deputy Rouanet remained influenced by a deep republican revolutionary legacy and a strong will to counter the military injustice. He showed therefore, through this turbulent period, a singular humanist vigilance that often placed him at the forefront of the socialist world. This period allowed him to define and to precise his long-term fight against anti-Semitic inhumanity.