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With the increasingly obvious medicalization of our lives, the author attempts to dissect the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. Sifting through the economic and social conditions of its emergence, he especially examines the pressures exerted on the various players concerned. Breaking away from the theory of the pharmaceutical conspiracy, he undertakes an in-depth analysis of the conditions that made this medical deviation in mental health possible. The author’s argument is illustrated with current examples, such as hyperactivity. Recommendations include, above all, a greater responsibility allocated to patients, who become partners of the political decision makers.