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Although works on depressive symptoms in childhood are many, melancholic depression is rarely marked in psychiatry and clinical psychoanalysis as expressing an established pathology in children. And yet, melancholia, or rather, the work of melancholia, belongs not only to the semiology of adults, but also to the psychopathology of children. Listed as it is among narcissistic psychoneuroses, melancholia cannot be reduced to a fixed pathological entity. It appears more like a conflicting and defensive psychic motion, which may affect any kind of mental organization at any period of life. It appeals to the childish self that is still present within the adult.