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The crisis affecting the credibility of psychoanalysis cannot fail to raises questions about its future, questions that necessarily concern the history and context of its invention. This history cannot be separated from the social, political and cultural context of a territory and, more particularly, the “spirit of an epoch ” which compared the novelty that it was introducing with what was happening in the same geographical area, in music, painting, literature, architecture, and so on. But the invention of psychoanalysis should be compared more fundamentally with the scientific revolution that inaugurated the 20th century, which itself was subordinated to a mutation in the order of classical thought, revolutionising, on the basis of a new paradigm, the conditions and modalities of knowledge. Psychoanalysis belongs to this new way of looking at the world. We are thus invited to participate in a different reading of psychoanalysis.