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Two tragedies monopolize the memorial issues in Israel. The first one is the Nazi genocide of European Jews, which preceded the creation of the State. The view of this exceptional crime has evolved over time, but Israel’s desire to be the sole legitimate Jewish heir to this tragedy has never ceased. But paradoxically, Israeli society sees the Shoah as an almost a-historical event, while abusing its memory in every respect. The second issue is the relentless desire to erase from the collective memory the expulsion, between 1947 and 1950, of more than 85 % of the Palestinian population that resided on the territory of what was to become Israel. However, the way this event is viewed has also evolved over time. From the initial State denial of the ethnic cleansing that was then carried out, part of Israeli opinion has shifted to an endorsement of the crime.