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La notion de « populisme » s’est complètement transformée au cours du temps. Valorisant hier le populaire, elle le stigmatise aujourd’hui. Les usages actuels du « populisme du FN » en témoignent. S’ils font désormais consensus pour désigner dans les groupes populaires les principaux soutiens du parti frontiste, c’est au prix d’une naturalisation des interprétations du succès politique du FN oubliant le rôle des élites politiques et sociales, au prix également d’un changement de perspective sur l’autoritarisme et la signification concrète de l’appel au peuple dans l’histoire sociale de la construction des démocraties.

Populism : From the Eulogy to the Stigmatization of “People’s Politics”The meaning of the notion of “populism” has thoroughly changed over time. While in the past it was used in order to celebrate people’s, it nowadays is used in order to stigmatize it. Current uses of the notion of the “populism of the Front National” give testimony to this change, for they help put forward the idea that the main constituency of this party is made of the “lower classes”. But this hypothesis has a high analytical cost, for it implies that the interpretation of the political success of the Front National is then seen as taken-for-granted. Hence, nothing is said anymore about the role played in this success by social and political elites. Moreover, putting the blame of the renewal of hatred-prone “populism” on people’s politics is a way to dangerously shift the perspective on the social history of the process of the building of modern democracies by erasing the role played by people’s mobilizations.