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The article surveys the figure of the local historian Leon of Alabanda, often identified with Leon of Stratonicea. After the analysis of a quotation from Porphyry’s work and the discovery of a Carian inscription, this identification was partly abandoned. The most probable hypothesis is to imagine the existence of two Leons, active in Caria during the Hellenistic period: the first was a historian and wrote Karika and Lykiaka; the second, mentioned by local inscriptions from southern Caria, was a priest and a scholar, author of works focusing on cults and cultural traditions of Caria.