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This study focuses on postpartum anxiety and its relationship with childbirth experience, postpartum sense of security and the mother’s attachment to her partner, her own mother and her own father. A total of 1,560 mothers who had a child under 12 months old completed an online socio-demographic questionnaire, as well as the French versions of the “Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale”, the “Parents’ Postnatal Sense of Security instrument”, the “Questionnaire for Assessment of Childbirth Experience, and the Experience in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures”. The results show that postnatal sense of security is significantly correlated with postpartum anxiety and the assessment of childbirth experience, and significantly predicts postpartum anxiety. Partner attachment anxiety is the only attachment dimension to predict postnatal sense of security, childbirth experience and postpartum anxiety. It also mediates the relationship between postnatal security and childbirth experience with postpartum anxiety. Partner attachment anxiety to the partner therefore merits further investigation in its role in the psychological experience of the postnatal period.