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The present study aims at confronting the large thematic presence of Sicily in the Library of History with structural and conceptual principles of universal history as defined by Diodorus. To answer the question of the place assigned to Sicily in koinai praxeis (κοιναὶ πράξεις) of the historian of Agyrion, three levels of study are considered successively. The first examines the distribution of the passages devoted to the island in the general structure of the work. It shows in particular that, depending on its place in the global architecture, Sicily represents a different structural principle. The second level deals with the adequacy of Sicily with the conceptual framework of the Historical Library. It appears that the Sicilian mythic figures, as well as historical figures, are integrated and contribute to the moral vision of the history of Diodorus. Finally, beyond the genre of universal history, the third level analyses the emphasis placed on his home island by the native of Agyrion and identifies the elements of Sicilian patriotism in his work.