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This article takes a fresh look at questions posed in a collection of articles written after the ‘‘Charlie Hebdo’’ terrorist attacks of January 2015. It is less concerned with their relevance than with the difficulty of referring to the Enlightenment without abandoning rational argument. The demonstration focuses on modern translations of Condorcet’s Sketch of a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind in certain national contexts wherein the basic principles of the Enlightenment are called into question.