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The theme of proximity has haunted discussions on security for over twenty years. It is to be found in numerous pieces of legislation, including the act providing for mediation in Belgian criminal law. This text considers the role of proximity in legitimating that procedure, and it considers the nature of that proximity. Although proximity is commonly referred to as an instrument for giving the parties autonomy, there is nothing to prevent it being put to other uses. Such proximity can also be used to achieve “heteronomization” of the individuals present, thereby encouraging a rapprochement leading to conformity with external rules.