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The World’s Peoples Conference on Climate Change and on the Rights of Mother Earth took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in April 2010. The Bolivian Government, organizing the conference, wanted to be the new bearer of the ecologist movement, especially through the defense of the Rights of Mother Earth (Pachamama). However, Bolivian public policies are not as environment-centered as stated by official declarations. The national effort of oil production and exports or the commercialization of lithium are still unquestioned in public debate. And if the Bolivian Vice-President wants to raise foreign currency to finally leave the extractive model, the environmental conflict that occurred in 2011 due the construction of a road in the TIPNIS natural park, and the broad mobilization in favor of the indigenous communities opposed to this project, show the difficulties for the Bolivian government prioritizing environmental issues, given other economic and social imperatives. The objective of this article is, thus, to analyze whether the development model driven by Evo Morales’government is likely to lead the way out of the extractive model, which has been running Bolivian policies for centuries.