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George Orwell’s 1984 was published in 1949. Although Orwell seems not to have had the feeling that the progressive dynamic of the modern industrialism leads to the depletion of the vital resources, his famous book can be considered as the acceptable description of a totalitarianism of scarcity. By exploring this reading of 1984, this article seeks to show where the current takeover of ecology within a “green” capitalism is leading, and, in so doing, to emphasize the urgency to integrate the environmental concerns in a social project based on autonomy.