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The sonnet “Grand Dieu tes jugemens sont remplis d’équité” was one of the most discussed and translated poems of the seventeenth century, but also one of the most controversial. Some contemporaries praised its style and its success in driving conversion. Others reproached it for its stylistic flaws and condemned the theological errors that underpin it. As a result, the sonnet has been the subject of numerous corrections in the form of rewritings. Moreover, Des Barreaux’s authorship has been questioned: Voltaire attributed the poem to the Abbé de Lavau, some critics to Marguerite de Navarre or Jeanne d’Albret. This article considers the reception of the sonnet and the reasons for its success..