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‪This paper examines the determinants of agricultural productivity in the Cameroonian Sahelian zone, particularly the relationship between farm size (FS) and agricultural land productivity (LP). The methodological approach was based on secondary data from a survey conducted in the Logone and Chari division and on the ordinary least squares method. First, the author find a U-shaped relationship between LP and FS, contrary to the empirical finding of an inverse relationship established in most developing countries. This result indicates that the LP seems higher for small and large farms than for medium farms. Thus, there is significant potential for increasing agricultural production through better use of the land factor on medium-sized farms. In addition to FS, the study reveals that mixed cropping and the location of farms near wetlands are the main growth factors of LP in the Cameroonian Sahel ‪